adoption :: essays research papers

adoption adoption, act by which the legal relation of p atomic number 18nt and child is created. acceptation was recognized by Roman constabulary scarcely not by common law. Statutes first introduced adoption into U.S. law in the mid-19th cent., and today it is allowed in all states of the United States and in Great Britain. Adoption is for the most part a judicial proceeding, requiring a hearing before a judge. Adoption statutes usually provide that the consent of the parents or guardian of the childand that of the child, if supra a certain agemust be obtained. An adopted child generally assumes the rights and duties of a natural legitimate child. Similarly, the rights and duties accompanying natural parenthood generally accompany adoptive parenthood (e.g., the right of custody and the obligation of support). The natural parents have no right to control an adopted child, nor have they any duties toward it, but in some states the child does not lose the right to inherit from the m.In many cases children are adopted by relatives. Many states now sanction adoption by unmarried adults some allow adoption by homosexual couples. Most adoptions are of the same race. Transracial adoptions are controversial, pitting issues of culture and inheritance against the need of a child for a stable parent-child relationship as early in life as possible, regardless of race. The Multiethnic Placement strike (1994) made it illegal for U.S. states to hold up adoptions solely in order to match racial or ethnic background of the child.In adoption by unrelated adults, the courts have traditionally attempted to ease adjustment to the adoptive family and protect the privacy of the (often unwed) mother by maintaining secrecy regarding the childs birth parents. Since the 1970s, however, a outgrowth number of adopted children have attempted to identify their birth parents, and open adoption, in which adoptive and birth parents maintain a relationship, has become more accepted. Quest ions of enate rights and where these stand vis--vis the rights and best interests of the child have also been highlighted in cases in which the courts tranferred custody of adopted or fostered children to birth parents who had previously given them up.Many children are adopted through public or private agencies, but a growing number are adopted through private placement, in which the prospective adoptive parents advertise for or are otherwise put into contact with a birth mother, usually with the help of a lawyer who is familiar with the function and the legal requirements of the individual states.